Tunable materials refer to materials whose properties, such as mechanical, electrical, magnetic, or optical properties, can be adjusted or controlled in a predictable and reversible manner. These materials are designed to respond to external stimuli, such as temperature, pressure, light, or electric fields, in a way that allows their characteristics to be modified for specific applications. Tunable materials have a wide range of potential uses, including in sensors, actuators, smart devices, and adaptive structures. Researchers are constantly exploring new ways to engineer and manipulate these materials to achieve desired performance characteristics, making them a key area of interest in materials science and engineering.